Yellow Green Beans Farming in Kenya: From Farm To Plate

Are you looking for a profitable crop in high demand locally and internationally? Look no further than yellow-green beans! 

This bean variety is also known as wax beans. These legumes are nutritious and versatile in the kitchen.

We’ll explore everything you need about yellow-green beans farming in Kenya – soil preparation, harvesting techniques, pest management, and market opportunities.

This blog post will equip you with the knowledge to start your yellow-green beans farming venture.

Introduction to Yellow Green Beans Farming in Kenya

Yellow-green beans are scientifically known as Phaseolus vulgaris. They are a variety of snap beans. 

The beans are known for their vibrant yellow color and crisp texture. 

These beans are similar to green beans in shape and size. However, they offer a unique, slightly sweeter flavor profile.

Description of yellow-green beans

Yellow-green beans are slender and have elongated pods typically 4-6 inches long. 

They stand out in the garden and on the plate because of their bright yellow color. 

The pods are tender and edible, with small beans develop as the pod matures.

Nutritional benefits and culinary uses

Yellow green beans are delicious. They have a lot of nutrients. They’re an excellent source of:

• Vitamin C
• Vitamin K
• Folate
• Fiber
• Antioxidants

In the kitchen, yellow-green beans are incredibly versatile. They can be:

• Steamed or boiled as a side dish
• Stir-fried with other vegetables
• Added to salads for a crunchy texture
• Pickled for long-term preservation
• Used in soups and stews

Importance of Yellow Green Beans in Kenya’s Agriculture

Yellow-green beans play an important role in Kenya’s agricultural sector. They contribute to food security and economic growth.

Role in small-scale farming and export market

For small-scale farmers, yellow-green beans offer several advantages.

What are these benefits?

Let’s explore these pros.

• Short growing cycle (60-70 days), allowing for multiple harvests per year
• Relatively low input requirements
• Potential for intercropping with other crops
• High market demand, both locally and for export

In the export market, Kenyan yellow green beans are in high demand in European countries. 

This export potential provides an opportunity for farmers to earn foreign exchange and improve their livelihoods.

Climatic and Soil Requirements

Before you venture into the business, find out the ideal conditions for growing yellow-green beans. 

This is extremely important. The ideal climate has a great bearing on the yield.

Let’s explore the climatic and soil requirements in detail.

Climatic Conditions

Yellow-green beans thrive in warm, moderate climates. Key climatic factors to consider.

Optimal temperature

Yellow-green beans grow best in temperatures between 16°C and 27°C (60°F to 80°F). 

It is important to understand that they are sensitive to extreme temperatures.

• Below 10°C (50°F): Growth slows significantly
• Above 30°C (86°F): Flower drop may occur, reducing yield

This variety is suitable in many regions, especially at elevations between 1,000 and 2,000 meters above sea level.

Rainfall requirements

Yellow-green beans require moderate, well-distributed rainfall throughout their growing cycle. 

The ideal rainfall:

• 300-400 mm (12-16 inches) of water during the growing season
• Consistent moisture, especially during flowering and pod development

In areas with unreliable rainfall, irrigation may be necessary to ensure proper growth and high yield.

Effect of extreme weather conditions (frost, drought)

Yellow-green beans are sensitive to extreme weather.

• Frost: Even light frost can damage or kill plants
• Drought: Prolonged dry spells can lead to poor pod development and reduced yield
• Heavy rain: Excessive moisture can lead to disease issues and poor pollination

To mitigate these risks, consider:

• Planting during the appropriate season
• Using drought-resistant varieties in drier areas
• Implementing proper drainage in areas prone to heavy rainfall

Soil Conditions

Plant your beans in the right soil. You need the right soils to produce healthy yellow green bean plants and high yields.

Soil type

Yellow-green beans like:

• Well-drained, loamy soil
• Soil with good organic matter content
• Soil that holds moisture but doesn’t become waterlogged

Heavy clay soils or sandy soils may need amendment to improve drainage or water retention.

pH requirements 

The ideal soil pH for yellow-green beans is between 6.0 and 6.8. This range ensures:

• Optimal nutrient availability
• Healthy root development
• Good nitrogen fixation by root nodules

But if your soil pH is outside this range, consider:

• Adding lime to raise pH in acidic soils
• Using sulfur to lower pH in alkaline soils

It is important to note that you need to conduct a soil test before making any amendments.

Soil Fertility and Preparation

Proper soil preparation is extremely important. It ensures that your yellow-green beans grow properly.

Let’s see what is involved in soil preparation.

1. Add organic matter

• Incorporate well-rotted manure or compost (2-3 kg per square meter)
• This improves soil structure, water retention, and nutrient availability

2. Apply base fertilizer

• Use a balanced NPK fertilizer (e.g., 10-10-10) at 200-300 kg per hectare
• Incorporate into the soil before planting

3. Ensure good drainage

• Create raised beds or furrows in areas with heavy soil or high rainfall

4. Till the soil

• To a depth of 20-30 cm for good root development
• Avoid over-tilling, which can damage soil structure

If you pay attention to these soil requirements, you’ll really create an ideal environment for your yellow green beans to grow well.

Varieties of Yellow Green Beans

I’ll share with you a secret – choose the right variety of yellow green beans.

From my personal experience, several varieties have proven to be well-adapted to local conditions and market tastes.

Popular Varieties Grown in Kenya

1. Golden Wax

• Characteristics: Bush type, early maturing (50-55 days)
• Yield potential: 8-10 tons per hectare
• Pest resistance: Moderate resistance to common bean diseases

2. Gold crop

• Characteristics: Bush type, mid-season (55-60 days)
• Yield potential: 10-12 tons per hectare
• Pest resistance: Good resistance to bean rust and mosaic virus

3. Goldmine

• Characteristics: Pole type, longer harvesting period
• Yield potential: 12-15 tons per hectare
• Pest resistance: High resistance to anthracnose

4. Yellow Pencil Pod

• Characteristics: Bush type, stringless pods
• Yield potential: 9-11 tons per hectare
• Pest resistance: Moderate resistance to common bacterial blight

When selecting a variety, consider.

• Your local climate and soil conditions
• Market preferences (local vs. export)
• Your farming system –  intercropping capabilities
• Resistance to prevalent pests and diseases in your area

It’s often advisable to try small plots of different varieties to see which performs best in your specific conditions.

Seed Selection and Preparation

Did you know that the quality of your seeds has direct bearing on the success of your yellow green bean crop? 

Proper seed selection and preparation are extremely important in ensuring a healthy and high-yield harvest.

Certified seeds vs. farm-saved seeds

It may be tempting to save seeds from your previous harvest. However, using certified seeds offers several advantages.

Let’s explore these advantages.

• Guaranteed varietal purity
• Higher germination rates
• Known disease resistance
• Compliance with export market requirements

If you choose to use farm-saved seeds, always remember to:

• Select pods from healthy, high-yielding plants
• Ensure seeds are fully mature and dry before storage
• Store seeds in a cool, dry place to maintain viability

Importance of selecting disease-free seeds

It is important to use disease-free seeds. Disease free seeds prevent the introduction and spread of diseases in your field. 

So, look for seeds that are:

• Free from visible defects or discoloration
• Uniform in size and shape
• Certified as disease-free by a reputable supplier

Seed Treatment

Make sure you treat your seeds before planting them. It protects them from soil-borne diseases and improves germination rates.

Methods for treating seeds 

1. Fungicide treatment

• Use a broad-spectrum fungicide like Thiram or Captan
• Follow manufacturer’s instructions for application rates
• Typically involves coating seeds with a dry powder or liquid solution

2. Insecticide treatment

• Protects young seedlings from early pest attacks
• Common insecticides include Imidacloprid or Thiamethoxam
• Apply as a seed coating or soil drench at planting

Remember, always wear protective gear when handling treated seeds and follow all safety guidelines.

Importance of inoculation for nitrogen fixation

Yellow green beans fix nitrogen from the air through a symbiotic relationship with soil bacteria  called Rhizobium. 

Therefore, inoculating your seeds can improve this process especially in fields where beans haven’t been grown recently.

To inoculate seeds:

1. Purchase a Rhizobium inoculant specific for beans
2. Mix the inoculant with seeds just before planting
3. Plant inoculated seeds within 24 hours for best results

Benefits of inoculation

• Improved nitrogen fixation, reducing fertilizer needs
• Enhanced plant growth and yield
• Increased soil fertility for subsequent crops

Select and prepare your seeds carefully. This is the first if you want to have a successful yellow greens beans farm.

Land Preparation

Proper land preparation is critical. It is important in the sense that it creates an ideal growing environment for your yellow green beans. 

It helps ensure good germination, strong root development, and ultimately, a high-yielding crop.

Well, that explains how important land preparation is.

Best practices for clearing and plowing land for beans

1. Clear the land

• Remove all weeds, crop residues, and debris
• This prevents competition for nutrients and reduces pest habitats

2. Initial plowing

• Plow the land to a depth of 20-30 cm
• This breaks up compacted soil and improves aeration

3. Secondary tillage

• Use a harrow or cultivator to break down large soil clods
• Create a fine, even seedbed for optimal seed-to-soil contact

4. Level the field

• Ensure the field is level to prevent water logging in low spots
• This promotes uniform germination and growth

Timing is important. Just prepare your land 2-3 weeks before planting to allow soil to settle.

Importance of soil aeration

Well-aerated soil is essential for yellow green beans:

• It promotes root growth and development
• Enhances water infiltration and drainage
• Encourages beneficial soil microorganism activity

To improve soil aeration:

• Avoid over-tilling, which can create a hard pan
• Consider minimum tillage practices in areas prone to erosion
• Use cover crops or green manures between bean crops to improve soil structure

Use of organic and inorganic fertilizers

Make sure that the nutrition given the plants is balnced. It ensures that your plants grow properly.

Let’s explore what is involved in the entire process.

1. Conduct a soil test

• This will guide your fertilizer application rates
• Helps avoid over- or under-fertilization

2. Apply organic fertilizers

• Incorporate well-rotted manure or compost (5-10 tons per hectare)
• Apply 2-3 weeks before planting to allow decomposition

3. Use inorganic fertilizers

• Apply a balanced NPK fertilizer – 10-10-10 at 200-300 kg per hectare
• Incorporate into the soil just before planting

4. Consider micronutrients

• Yellow green beans often benefit from additional zinc and molybdenum
• Apply as a foliar spray or soil amendment based on soil test results

Yellow green beans can fix nitrogen from the air. 

However, excessive nitrogen fertilization may lead to lush foliage instead of pod production.

Planting Yellow Green Beans

Use proper planting techniques. Planting the plants properly ensures that you have a healthy, productive yellow green bean crop. 

Let’s explore the key aspects of planting, timing, spacing, and methods.

Best seasons for planting yellow green beans in Kenya 

Yellow green beans can be planted during the long and short rainy seasons in Kenya.

1. Long rains season

• Typically from March to May
• Planting in early March often yields the best results
• Allows for a longer growing season and potentially higher yields

2. Short rains season

• Usually from October to December
• Plant in early October for optimal results
• May require supplemental irrigation in drier areas

Factors to consider when choosing planting time

• Local climate patterns
• Market demand (aim to harvest when prices are typically higher)
• Crop rotation schedule
• Availability of irrigation if rainfall is unreliable

Recommended spacing

Proper spacing ensures each plant has adequate access to sunlight, water, and nutrients.

The ideal spacing.

• Row spacing: 30-50 cm apart
  • Wider spacing (50 cm) for bush varieties
  • Narrower spacing (30 cm) for compact varieties or intensive production
• Plant spacing within rows: 10-15 cm apart
  • This typically results in 20-30 plants per square meter

Adjust spacing based on

• Variety characteristics (bush vs. pole types)
• Soil fertility (wider spacing in less fertile soils)
• Irrigation method (drip irrigation allows for closer spacing)

Planting depth for optimal germination

Plant yellow green bean seeds at a depth of 2.5-5 cm (1-2 inches).

• In light soils, plant deeper (closer to 5 cm)
• In heavier soils, plant shallower (closer to 2.5 cm)

Planting at the correct depth ensures:

• Good seed-to-soil contact for water absorption
• Protection from birds and heavy rains
• Proper emergence of seedlings

Planting Methods

Direct seeding vs. transplanting

Yellow green beans are typically direct-seeded. They are not transplanted.

Direct seeding advantages

• Faster and less labor-intensive
• Avoids transplant shock
• Allows for better root development

In some cases, transplanting may be used:

• For very early crops in protected cultivation
• To fill gaps in the field after poor germination

Use of furrows or raised beds

Choose your planting method based on your local conditions.

1. Furrow planting

• Suitable for areas with good drainage
• Create furrows 5-7 cm deep
• Place seeds at the recommended spacing and cover with soil

2. Raised bed planting

• Ideal for areas with heavy soils or high rainfall
• Create beds 15-20 cm high and 1-1.2 m wide
• Plant 2-3 rows per bed, following recommended spacing

Ensure good seed-to-soil contact through firming the soil gently after planting regardless of the method.

Follow the planting guidelines to set the stage for strong germination and healthy plant development in your yellow green bean farm.

Crop Management

Effective crop management is important. It maximizes the yield and quality of your yellow green beans. 

Water requirements during different growth stages

Yellow green beans require consistent moisture throughout their growth cycle, but needs vary by stage.

1. Germination to seedling stage (0-14 days)

• Keep soil consistently moist but not waterlogged
• Light, frequent irrigation is best

2. Vegetative growth (15-30 days)

• Moderate water needs
• Aim for 25-30 mm of water per week

3. Flowering and pod development (31-60 days)

• Critical stage for water needs
• Provide 35-40 mm of water per week
• Consistent moisture is crucial for pod set and development

4. Maturation and harvest (61+ days)

• Reduce irrigation slightly
• Overirrigation at this stage can lead to pod rot

Best practices for water conservation

To maximize water use efficiency:

1. Use drip irrigation

• Delivers water directly to plant roots
• Reduces water loss through evaporation
• Minimizes weed growth between rows
• Allows for precise water application

2. Mulching

• Apply organic mulch – straw, leaf littermaround plants
• Helps retain soil moisture
• Suppresses weed growth
• Regulates soil temperature

3. Irrigation scheduling

• Water early in the morning or late in the evening to reduce evaporation
• Use soil moisture sensors or the finger test to determine when to irrigate
• Adjust irrigation based on rainfall and plant growth stage

4. Rainwater harvesting

• Collect and store rainwater for use during dry periods
• Reduces dependence on other water sources

5. Proper land leveling

• Ensure even water distribution across the field
• Prevents waterlogging in low spots

Importance of weed control in the early stages

Effective weed control is important especially during the first 3-4 weeks after planting.

• Weeds compete with young bean plants for nutrients, water, and sunlight
• Early weed control leads to stronger plant establishment and higher yields

Weed control methods

1. Manual weeding

• Use hand tools like hoes to remove weeds
• Be careful not to damage shallow bean roots

2. Mechanical weeding

• Use cultivators or tillers between rows
• Best done when weeds are small and soil is dry

3. Herbicides

• Pre-emergence herbicides can be applied after planting but before bean emergence
• Post-emergence herbicides should be used cautiously to avoid crop damage
• Always follow label instructions and local regulations

Use of mulch to retain moisture and suppress weeds

Mulching has multiple benefits. Let’s explore the benefits.

1. Weed suppression

• Creates a barrier that prevents weed seed germination

2. Moisture retention

• Reduces evaporation from the soil surface

3. Temperature regulation

• Keeps soil cooler in hot weather, warmer in cool weather

4. Soil improvement

• Organic mulches decompose over time, adding nutrients to the soil

Pro Tip: Apply a 5-10 cm layer of organic mulch around plants. However, keep it away from the stem to prevent rot.

Fertilizer application schedule 

1. Base fertilization

• Apply before or at planting
• Incorporate a balanced NPK fertilizer –  10-10-10) at 200-300 kg/ha into the soil

2. Top dressing

• Apply nitrogen fertilizer 3-4 weeks after planting
• Use 100-150 kg/ha of CAN (Calcium Ammonium Nitrate) or urea

3. Foliar feeding

• Apply micronutrients (especially zinc and boron) as foliar sprays
• Start at flowering stage and repeat every 2 weeks

Organic and inorganic fertilizer options

Organic fertilizers

• Compost: Apply 5-10 tons/ha before planting
• Animal manure: Use well-rotted manure at 10-20 tons/ha
• Green manures: Incorporate leguminous cover crops before planting beans

Inorganic fertilizers

• NPK compounds: Choose ratios based on soil test results
• Single nutrient fertilizers: DAP for phosphorus, CAN or urea for nitrogen

Crop Rotation and Intercropping

Rotate yellow green beans with non-leguminous crops. 

Benefits of crop rotation with legumes.

• Break pest and disease cycles
• Improve soil structure and fertility
• Enhance nitrogen availability for subsequent crops
• Diversify farm income

Suggested rotation: Yellow-green beans → Maize → Potatoes → Yellow green beans

Intercropping with maize or other compatible crops

Intercropping can increase land use efficiency and provide additional income. 

So what are the compatible crops?

Well, there are many.

Compatible crops.

1. Maize

• Plant beans between maize rows
• Beans benefit from maize stalks for support

2. Sunflowers

• Provide partial shade for beans
• Different root depths reduce competition

3. Carrots or onions

• Utilize space efficiently
• Different growth habits complement each other

When intercropping, make sure to adjust plant spacing and apply adequate fertilization to all crops.

Pest and Disease Management

Pests and diseases steal your profit. They reduce yields. Thus, effective pest and disease management is important. 

They maintain healthy yellow green bean plants and ensuring a good harvest. 

Let’s explore common issues and their solutions.

Common Pests

Aphids, thrips, and bean fly

1. Aphids

• Small, soft-bodied insects that suck plant sap
• Control: Use insecticidal soaps, neem oil, or introduce ladybugs as natural predators

2. Thrips

• Tiny insects that cause silvery patches on leaves
• Control: Use blue sticky traps, apply neem-based insecticides

3. Bean fly

• Larvae tunnel into stems, causing wilting
• Control: Crop rotation, early planting, use of resistant varieties

Methods of pest control 

Biological control

• Introduce beneficial insects like ladybugs, lacewings, or parasitic wasps
• Use Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) for caterpillar control

Chemical control

• Use approved insecticides as a last resort
• Always follow label instructions and observe pre-harvest intervals

Cultural control

• Practice crop rotation to break pest cycles
• Remove and destroy infected plant material
• Use trap crops to lure pests away from main crop

Common Diseases

Bean rust, anthracnose, and bacterial blight

1. Bean rust

• Causes reddish-brown pustules on leaves
• Control: Plant resistant varieties, apply fungicides if severe

2. Anthracnose

• Dark, sunken lesions on pods and stems
• Control: Use disease-free seeds, crop rotation, fungicide application

3. Bacterial blight

• Water-soaked spots on leaves that turn brown
• Control: Use certified clean seeds, avoid overhead irrigation

Disease prevention and control methods

Prevention

• Use certified disease-free seeds
• Practice crop rotation (3-4 year cycle)
• Maintain proper plant spacing for good air circulation
• Avoid working in the field when plants are wet

Control

• Apply copper-based fungicides for bacterial diseases
• Use systemic fungicides for fungal diseases like rust and anthracnose
• Remove and destroy infected plants to prevent spread

Integrated Pest Management (IPM)

IPM uses different pest control strategies to minimize environmental impact and maintain long-term crop health. 

Benefits of IPM in sustainable farming.

1. Reduced reliance on chemical pesticides
2. Preservation of beneficial insects and natural enemies
3. Decreased risk of pest resistance to chemicals
4. Improved long-term soil and plant health
5. Potentially lower production costs over time

Key IPM strategies for yellow green beans.

• Regular field monitoring to detect issues early
• Use of pest-resistant varieties when available
• Implementation of cultural practices (e.g., crop rotation, proper spacing)
• Biological control methods as a first line of defense
• Judicious use of chemical controls only when necessary

Implement these pest and disease management strategies to protect your yellow green bean crop and ensure a healthy and abundant harvest.

Harvesting and Post-Harvest Handling

Proper harvesting and post-harvest handling are crucial. They maintain the quality of your yellow green beans and maximizing their market value. 

Let’s explore the best practices for this important stage of production.

Harvesting Time

Yellow green beans are typically ready for harvest 60-70 days after planting. However, this depends on the variety and growing conditions. 

Key factors to consider.

• Bush varieties tend to mature faster (around 60 days)
• Pole varieties may take slightly longer (65-70 days)
• Warmer temperatures can speed up maturity

Signs of maturity 

The indicators of harvest readiness.

1. Pod color: Bright, even yellow color throughout the pod
2. Pod size: Fully developed but still slender (about pencil thickness)
3. Bean development: Pods should be tender with small, immature beans inside
4. Snapping test: Pods should snap easily when bent

It’s important to harvest at the right time.

• Harvesting too early results in underdeveloped, low-yield pods
• Harvesting too late leads to tough, stringy pods with oversized beans

Harvesting Techniques

Best methods for harvesting to avoid damaging plants.

1. Hand-picking

• Gently hold the plant stem with one hand
• Use the other hand to snap off the pod at its base
• Pull the pod away from the plant in a quick, smooth motion

2. Multiple harvests

• Harvest every 2-3 days once pods start maturing
• Regular picking encourages continued pod production

3. Timing

• Harvest in the morning after dew has dried but before it gets too hot
• This ensures beans are crisp and reduces wilting

4. Tools

• For larger operations, consider using harvesting shears or scissors
• This can speed up the process and reduce plant damage

5. Care for the plant

• Avoid pulling or tugging on the plant while harvesting
• Be careful not to break branches or damage leaves

Post-Harvest Handling

Basically, these are the aspects involved.

Sorting, grading, and packaging

1. Sorting

• Remove any damaged, discolored, or overmature pods
• Separate pods by size and quality

2. Grading

• Grade A: Straight, unblemished pods of uniform color and size
• Grade B: Slightly curved or minor blemishes, but still good quality
• Culls: Damaged, diseased, or overmature pods (can be used for local markets or processing)

3. Packaging

• For local markets: Use clean, ventilated plastic crates or baskets
• For export: Pack in cardboard boxes lined with perforated plastic
• Avoid overpacking to prevent bruising

Storage methods to maintain quality and reduce spoilage

The best storage methods.

1. Temperature control

• Ideal storage temperature: 7-10°C (45-50°F)
• At this temperature, beans can maintain quality for 7-10 days

2. Humidity

• Maintain high relative humidity (90-95%) to prevent wilting
• Use perforated plastic bags or liners to retain moisture

3. Cooling

• Rapid cooling after harvest is crucial
• Use forced-air cooling or hydrocooling methods if available

4. Avoid ethylene exposure

• Keep beans away from ethylene-producing fruits like bananas or tomatoes
• Ethylene can cause yellowing and quality degradation

5. Sanitation

• Ensure all storage containers and areas are clean and sanitized
• This prevents the spread of post-harvest diseases

Follow these harvesting and post-harvest handling practices to ensure that your yellow green beans reach the market in good condition.

They will command the best prices and satisfy your customers.

Market Opportunities

Before you start this business. First, understand the market situation. This will help you know where to sell your produce.

Market is there.

Kenya has many opportunities for local and export markets.

Local Markets

Demand for yellow green beans in local markets.

1. Fresh produce markets

• High demand in urban and peri-urban areas
• Sell directly to consumers or through middlemen

2. Supermarkets

• Growing demand for packaged, high-quality beans
• May require consistent supply and quality standards

3. Hotels and restaurants

• Prefer fresh, high-quality beans
• Opportunity for direct contracts with steady demand

4. Institutions

• Schools, hospitals, and large organizations
• Often buy in bulk, providing steady income

5. Processing companies

• Demand for beans for canning or freezing
• May offer contracts for large quantities

Tips for success in local markets.

• Build relationships with market vendors and buyers
• Ensure consistent quality and supply
• Consider value addition (e.g., pre-packaged, washed beans) for higher margins

Export Markets

Export potential for yellow green beans (Europe, Middle East).

1. European Union

• Major importer of Kenyan green beans
• High demand for yellow varieties as a specialty product
• Key markets include UK, Netherlands, France, and Germany

2. Middle East

• Growing market for fresh vegetables
• UAE and Saudi Arabia are significant importers

3. Regional African markets

• Opportunities in neighboring countries like Uganda, Tanzania, and South Sudan

Compliance with export standards 

Farmers are expected to meet stringent quality and safety standards to access export markets.

Let’s explore the different certifications available.

1. Global G.A.P. certification

• International standard for Good Agricultural Practices
• Covers food safety, environmental sustainability, and worker welfare
• Often required by European supermarkets

2. Other relevant certifications

• Kenya GAP (simplified version of GlobalG.A.P.)
• Organic certification for premium markets
• Fair Trade certification for socially conscious buyers

3. Key compliance areas

• Traceability
• Pesticide residue limits
• Hygiene practices during production and handling
• Environmental management
• Worker health and safety

Steps to achieve certification

1. Familiarize yourself with the standards
2. Implement required practices on your farm
3. Keep detailed records of all farm activities
4. Undergo inspection by an accredited certification body

Benefits of certification:

• Access to high-value export markets
• Potential for premium prices
• Improved farm management practices

To succeed in export markets:

• Work with established exporters or join a farmer cooperative
• Stay informed about market trends and requirements
• Invest in proper post-harvest handling and cold chain facilities

Take advantage of  local and export markets to diversify your income streams and maximize the profit of your yellow green bean farming venture.

Financial Considerations

Understand  the financial aspects of yellow green bean farming before you venture the agribusiness.

Let’s break down the costs, expected yields, and potential returns.

Cost of Production

Breakdown of input costs – seeds, fertilizers, labor.

1. Seeds

• Cost: 3,000 – 4,000 KES per kg of certified seeds
• Seed requirement: 50-60 kg per hectare
• Total seed cost: 150,000 – 240,000 KES per hectare

2. Fertilizers

• DAP (planting): 4,000 KES per 50kg bag, 4 bags per hectare = 16,000 KES
• CAN (top dressing): 3,500 KES per 50kg bag, 3 bags per hectare = 10,500 KES
• Total fertilizer cost: 26,500 KES per hectare

3. Pesticides and fungicides

• Estimated cost: 30,000 – 40,000 KES per hectare per season

4. Labor

• Land preparation: 10,000 KES
• Planting: 8,000 KES
• Weeding and pest control: 20,000 KES
• Harvesting: 30,000 KES (multiple harvests)
• Total labor cost: 68,000 KES per hectare

5. Irrigation

• If using drip irrigation, factor in installation costs (amortized over several seasons)
• Water costs vary by region and source

Total cost per acre/hectare

The estimated total cost per hectare is 300,000 – 400,000 KES.

 Take note that costs can vary based on location, farming practices, and market conditions.

Expected Yield and Revenue

Average yield per acre/hectare.

• Typical yield for yellow green beans: 8-12 tons per hectare
• Factors affecting yield.

• Variety chosen
• Soil fertility and management practices
• Weather conditions
• Pest and disease pressure

Market prices and expected returns

Local market prices (as of 2024).

• Fresh market: 60-80 KES per kg
• Export market: 100-120 KES per kg (subject to quality and market conditions)

Potential revenue calculation (per hectare).

• Assuming 10 tons yield and an average price of 70 KES/kg for local market.
• Revenue = 10,000 kg × 70 KES = 700,000 KES
• For export market (8 tons at 100 KES/kg).
• Revenue = 8,000 kg × 100 KES = 800,000 KES

Profitability Analysis

Potential profits based on production costs and market prices.

Local market scenario.

• Revenue: 700,000 KES
• Production costs: 400,000 KES (high-end estimate)
• Potential profit: 300,000 KES per hectare

Export market scenario.

• Revenue: 800,000 KES
• Production costs: 400,000 KES (high-end estimate)
• Potential profit: 400,000 KES per hectare

Factors affecting profitability.

1. Market prices: Can fluctuate based on supply and demand
2. Production efficiency: Better practices can lower costs and increase yields
3. Value addition: Processing or packaging can increase profit margins
4. Scale of production: Larger operations may benefit from economies of scale

To maximize profitability.

• Focus on quality to command higher prices
• Implement cost-saving measures (e.g., efficient irrigation, integrated pest management)
• Consider diversifying markets (both local and export)
• Explore value-added products (e.g., pre-packaged, ready-to-cook beans)

It’s important to note that these are estimated figures. Actual profits can vary based on numerous factors. 

Keep detailed records of your costs and revenues to help you accurately assess and improve your farm’s profit over time.

Challenges in Yellow Green Beans Farming

Although yellow green bean farming is profitable, it’s important to note that it has its own challenges – pests  and diseases.

If you understand these issues, you will prepare and implement strategies that will overcome them.

Pests and Diseases

Key pest and disease challenges faced by farmers.

1. Bean fly (Ophiomyia phaseoli)

• Larvae bore into stems, causing wilting and plant death
• Control: Crop rotation, early planting, use of resistant varieties

2. Aphids

• Suck plant sap, transmit viruses, and reduce yield
• Control: Natural predators, insecticidal soaps, neem-based products

3. Bean rust (Uromyces appendiculatus):

• Fungal disease causing orange-brown pustules on leaves
• Control: Resistant varieties, fungicides, proper spacing for air circulation

4. Bacterial blight (Xanthomonas campestris pv. phaseoli)

• Causes water-soaked spots on leaves and pods
• Control: Use of certified clean seeds, avoid overhead irrigation

5. Root-knot nematodes

• Cause root galls, stunting, and reduced yield
• Control: Crop rotation, soil solarization, resistant varieties

Climatic Changes

Impact of unpredictable weather patterns – flooding, drought.

1. Drought

• Reduces yield and pod quality
• Mitigation: Drought-resistant varieties, efficient irrigation systems

2. Excessive rainfall

• Increases disease pressure, especially fungal diseases
• Mitigation: Improved drainage, raised beds, disease-resistant varieties

3. Temperature fluctuations

• Affects flowering and pod set
• Mitigation: Adjusting planting dates, using shade nets in hot areas

4. Extreme weather events

• Can destroy crops and infrastructure
• Mitigation: Crop insurance, diversification of farm activities

Market Fluctuations

Price volatility in local and export markets.

1. Seasonal oversupply

• Leads to price drops during peak harvest periods
• Solution: Staggered planting, value addition, storage facilities

2. Export market changes

• Shifts in international demand or trade policies can affect prices
• Solution: Diversify markets, stay informed about market trends

3. Competition

• Increased production in other regions can lower prices
• Solution: Focus on quality, explore niche markets, build strong buyer relationships

4. Transportation issues

• Poor infrastructure can affect market access and prices
• Solution: Collaborate with other farmers for transport, explore local markets

To address these challenges.

• Implement integrated pest and disease management strategies
• Diversify your farming activities to spread risk
• Join farmer groups or cooperatives for shared knowledge and resources
• Invest in post-harvest handling and storage to take advantage of price fluctuations

Best Practices for Successful Farming

Make sure to implement best practices. 

These strategies will help you maximize your yields, maintain quality, and ensure long-term sustainability.

Use of Certified Seeds and Inputs

Importance of quality inputs for high yields.

1. Certified seeds

• Ensure varietal purity and high germination rates
• Offer better resistance to pests and diseases
• Lead to more uniform crops, facilitating easier management and harvesting

2. Quality fertilizers

• Use well-balanced fertilizers appropriate for your soil type
• Consider slow-release formulations for more efficient nutrient uptake
• Incorporate organic fertilizers to improve soil structure and microbial activity

3. Approved pesticides and fungicides

• Use products registered for use on yellow green beans
• Follow recommended application rates and pre-harvest intervals
• Rotate active ingredients to prevent pest resistance

Best practices.

• Purchase inputs from reputable suppliers
• Store inputs properly to maintain their efficacy
• Keep records of all inputs used for traceability and future planning

Adoption of Sustainable Farming Practices

Sustainable farming involves practices like crop rotation, organic farming, and IPM.

1. Crop rotation

• Rotate yellow green beans with non-legume crops (e.g., maize, vegetables)
• Benefits: Breaks pest cycles, improves soil fertility, reduces disease pressure
• Suggested rotation: Yellow green beans → Maize → Potatoes → Yellow green beans

2. Organic farming

• Use of organic fertilizers (compost, manure) and natural pest control methods
• Benefits: Improved soil health, access to premium organic markets
• Challenges: May have lower initial yields, requires more labor

3. Integrated Pest Management (IPM)

• Combines biological, cultural, and chemical control methods
• Benefits: Reduced pesticide use, preservation of beneficial insects, long-term sustainability
• Key practices: Regular field monitoring, use of resistant varieties, biological controls

4. Soil conservation

• Implement contour plowing on sloped land
• Use cover crops between bean seasons to prevent soil erosion
• Minimize tillage to maintain soil structure and organic matter

5. Water management

• Use efficient irrigation systems like drip irrigation
• Practice water harvesting and storage for use during dry periods
• Monitor soil moisture to optimize irrigation scheduling

Farmer Training and Support Programs

Importance of continuous learning and access to extension services.

1. Utilize extension services.

• Seek advice from local agricultural officers
• Access to soil testing and pest identification services

2. Join farmer groups or cooperatives.

• Share knowledge and experiences with other farmers
• Collective bargaining power for inputs and market access

3. Leverage digital resources.

• Use agricultural apps for weather forecasts, market prices, and pest identification
• Participate in online farming forums and webinars

4. Collaborate with research institutions.

• Participate in field trials for new varieties or farming techniques
• Gain early access to innovative agricultural technologies

Implement these best practices to:

• Increase your yields and product quality
• Reduce production costs over time
• Enhance the sustainability of your farming operation
• Stay competitive in both local and export markets

Final Thoughts On Yellow Green Beans Farming in Kenya

Important things you need to do before you start cultivating yellow beans in Kenya.

1. Market potential

• Do a research to find out if there is strong demand in local and export markets. Try also to find out the opportunities for value addition.

2. Agronomic practices

• Choose suitable varieties for your region and market
• Proper land preparation and soil management are crucial
• Implement effective irrigation and pest management strategies
• Harvest at the right time and handle produce carefully post-harvest

3. Financial considerations

• Initial investment ranges from 300,000 to 400,000 KES per hectare
• Potential for good returns, especially with access to export markets
• Profitability depends on yield, market prices, and production efficiency

4. Challenges

• Pest and disease management
• Climate variability
• Market fluctuations

5. Best practices

• Use certified seeds and quality inputs
• Adopt sustainable farming practices like crop rotation and IPM
• Engage in continuous learning and leverage support programs